m104 medium  (DSMZ)

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Commensal gut bacteria modulate phosphorylation-dependent PPARγ transcriptional activity in human intestinal epithelial cells

doi: 10.1038/srep43199

Figure Lengend Snippet: SCFA independent activators of PPARγ ( A ) PPARγ activation plotted against butyrate and propionate concentrations. CMs containing butyrate but no propionate are represented in blue, CMs containing propionate but no butyrate are represented in red, CMs containing both propionate and butyrate are represented in green and CMs deprived of these two SCFA are represented in grey. ( B ) Activation of PPARγ pathway by chosen bacteria on colonic reporter cell line HT-29-PPARγ. Rosiglitazone (Rosi, 5 μM) is used as control for activation. Control medium 1 is the medium used to culture of A. parvulum and P. copri (M104). Control medium 2 is the medium used to culture R. intestinalis (M58). Data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) of triplicate measurement of a representative of three independent experiments. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.005, compared with the control media (Student’s t-test).

Article Snippet: After 2 h, HT-29 cells exposed to CMs of either A. parvulum or P. copri showed an increase in phosphorylated PPARγ as compared to cells exposed to the bacterial culture medium M104 (DSMZ Medium 104, further referred to as medium 1) ( ).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Bacteria, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Commensal gut bacteria modulate phosphorylation-dependent PPARγ transcriptional activity in human intestinal epithelial cells

doi: 10.1038/srep43199

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. parvulum, P. copri and rosiglitazone (10 μM) induce PPARγ phosphorylation as compared to its growth medium M104. The medium M58 used for the culture of R. intestinalis shows strong activation capacity itself and therefore no increase of PPARγ phosphorylation can be observed. The nuclear fraction proteins were blotted (Western Blot) for phosphorylated PPARγ. Total PPARγ was used as control for phosphorylated PPARγ. GAPDH was used as loading control.

Article Snippet: After 2 h, HT-29 cells exposed to CMs of either A. parvulum or P. copri showed an increase in phosphorylated PPARγ as compared to cells exposed to the bacterial culture medium M104 (DSMZ Medium 104, further referred to as medium 1) ( ).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Activation Assay, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Commensal gut bacteria modulate phosphorylation-dependent PPARγ transcriptional activity in human intestinal epithelial cells

doi: 10.1038/srep43199

Figure Lengend Snippet: P. copri ( A ) and A. parvulum ( B ) conditioned media were incubated for 10 min at 100 °C to test the heat-stability of the PPARγ activating compound. In comparison with the culture medium M104 both P. copri ( A) and A. parvulum ( B ) show significant activation of CM. The activation of PPARγ is lost after the heat treatment (HT). Experiments were performed in triplicates using two independent bacterial cultures and normalized to the activating CMs indicated as 100%. Data were analyzed applying an ANOVA test followed by a post-hoc Tuckey test. Significance levels are indicated as follows: ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.005, *P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: After 2 h, HT-29 cells exposed to CMs of either A. parvulum or P. copri showed an increase in phosphorylated PPARγ as compared to cells exposed to the bacterial culture medium M104 (DSMZ Medium 104, further referred to as medium 1) ( ).

Techniques: Incubation, Comparison, Activation Assay